| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2022 | Volume
: 10
| Issue : 3 | Page : 116-120 |
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A clinical study of pleural effusion and its radiological, biochemical, bacteriological, and cytological correlation
Mood Narayan1, Saritha Karre2, Surendra Babu Darivemula3
1 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
2 Department of Pathology, Gandhi Medical College, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
3 Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Correspondence Address:
Surendra Babu Darivemula
Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/DYPJ.DYPJ_38_21
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Background: Pleural effusion refers to excessive or abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. It is a commonly encountered medical problem caused by a variety of underlying pathological conditions. Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity has varied etiological factors. Because of the various etiologies that can cause pleural effusion, it often presents a diagnostic problem, even after extensive investigations. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was carried out with the aim was to arrive at the etiological diagnosis by analysis of history, clinical presentation, biochemical, radiological, cytological, and bacteriological methods. The inclusion criteria were total 100 patients of adult age and either sex were taken, with age >18 years, and chest X-ray showing evidence of pleural effusion. Already diagnosed with pleural effusion were excluded from the study. Diagnosis was made on clinical examination, radiological examination, and analysis of laboratory data. Results: A total of 106 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 42.8 years and standard deviation of ± 15.1, respectively. Out of 106, the maximum number of cases of pleural effusion were tuberculosis 59 (55.7%) among them more than three-fourth of them were affected on the right side and only 13 (12.2%) were affected on the left side. After tuberculosis, malignancy 17 (16.0%) and congestive heart failure 10 (9.4%) respectively. Most of the cases were affected on the right side 57 (53.7%), followed by 35 (33.1%) and only 14 (13.2%) were affected bilaterally. The most common presenting symptoms are 99 (93.3%) and had shortness of breath, 87 (86.0%). Among the plural effusion cases, majority 90 (84.9%) of them had diagnosed with thoracocentesis. Almost 89 (83.9%) exudative effusions are more common and only 17 (16.1%) transudative effusion. Conclusion: A maximum number of cases of pleural effusion were tuberculosis followed by malignancy. Thoracentesis and pleural fluid analysis were the most common diagnostic technique. Thoracoscopy was required in few cases which are difficult to diagnose cases. |
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